How to read a cross-stitch pattern
A cross-stitch pattern looks like a grid full of symbols, but it follows a few simple rules. Once you know them, you can stitch any pattern.
Each square is one stitch
Every square on the chart is one cross stitch on your fabric. A blank square means no stitch - the fabric shows through there.
Symbols and the thread key
Each colour has its own symbol. The key (or legend) tells you which thread each symbol stands for - usually a DMC or Anchor number and name - how many strands to use, and often how many skeins you need. Colour charts also tint each square, which helps to find your place.
Grid lines and the centre
A thicker line marks every 10 squares, so counting is easy: count to the nearest thick line, then on from there. Small arrows on the edges point to the centre of the design. Many stitchers start in the middle, so the design ends up centred on the fabric.
Backstitch, part stitches and knots
- Backstitch is shown as lines along or across the squares - straight stitches that outline and add detail, usually done last.
- Half stitches are one diagonal of a cross; quarter and three-quarter stitches fill part of a square, shown as small triangles.
- French knots are shown as dots, often for eyes or flower centres.
How many strands?
Stranded cotton comes as six strands twisted together; you separate them. On 14-count Aida most patterns use two strands for cross stitch and one for backstitch. The key says if a pattern differs. Finer fabric often needs fewer strands - see which fabric count to choose.
Keeping your place
Mark off what you have stitched with a highlighter on a printed copy, or use a pattern app such as Pattern Keeper, which marks stitches on a tablet. Working one colour in one area at a time keeps the back neater and saves thread.
Questions
Where do I start a cross-stitch pattern?
Most stitchers start in the centre: fold the fabric in half both ways to find the middle, then find the centre arrows on the chart and start there. That keeps the design centred.
What do the thick lines on a cross-stitch chart mean?
They mark every 10 squares, to make counting easier. They are not stitched.
What does a blank square mean?
No stitch - the fabric shows through there.